The National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum exists to collect, preserve, and educate the public about mining and its people, promoting understanding of its vital role in modern society. Located in Leadville's highest incorporated U.S. city, the museum occupies the historic 1899 Victorian building that once served as Leadville's High School, with subsequent additions in 1943, 1954, and 1994.

The museum offers exhibits on the Geology of the Earth and Minerals A-Z, exploring the chemistry, crystal habit, color, and processing of minerals; Mining Technology in a New Age, chronicling the evolution from shovels and pickaxes to hydraulic drills and monster trucks; and the Gold Boom, detailing westward expansion and how the mines of California Gulch made Leadville a boom and bust story.

The Matchless Mine Historic Site, located 2 miles away, showcases one of the late 1800s' most prolific silver mines, where a steam-powered hoist raised and lowered miners and ore buckets, and where the author Oscar Wilde once visited. Between guided and self-guided tours, activities, and take-home lessons, the museum offers learning opportunities for all levels, with Colorado State Standards-based curriculum available.